Do you have queries about how the sounds of a waterfall and a splashdown on Titan were created? Follow the three steps below.

1. If you are unfamiliar with bubble acoustics and inversion, you may wish to read a preliminary tutorial by clicking here.

2. If you are familiar with bubble acoustics and inversion, or have completed the tutorial mentioned above, click here to download the article published by the UK Institute of Acoustics in its Acoustics Bulletin.

Outline of the article: The sound of a terrestrial waterfall (the Salmon Leap) is inverted to obtain the bubble population. This is then used to recreate the sound of that terrestrial waterfall, the efficacy of the process being demonstrated by the closeness of the spectra in Fig. 19 of the real recorded sound (blue line) and the recreation of that same terrestrial sound (green line). The process is then used to create the sound of a fall on Titan if the same bubble creation statistics as occurred in the Salmon Leap waterfall (and which of course differ between terrestrial waterfalls) were to occur on Titan. The spectrum is very different (red line in Fig. 19). You may listen to the sound files which accompany the article using the links below (text in green):

The first three files are the sounds to accompany figures 12-14. Note that they are not intended to resemble terrestrial waterfalls, but instead are stages in the process of explaining the acoustic inversion

Click here for the sound accompanying Figure 12

Click here for the sound accompanying Figure 13

Click here for the sound accompanying Figure 14

The next two files both refer to Figures 18 and 19.

Click here for a 2s recording (or for 10s click the wav or mp3 file) to hear the sound from the Salmon Leap, Romsey, UK.

Click here for a 2s recording (or for 10s click the wav or mp3 file) to hear a construction of the sound from Titan.

3. The underlying mathematics of inverting acoustic information to obtain bubble size distributions can be found by clicking here.

Click on the following links for other useful texts discussing reverberation and bubble fragmentation in such environments.

This page was last updated by TG Leighton, 6 August 2004