UAUA References of specific relevance to this tutorial are given below.:

For coverage of multiple techniques for active acoustic bubble spectroscopy:

Leighton T G, Acoustic Bubble Detection. I. The detection of stable gas bodies, Environmental Engineering, 7, 1994, 9-16.

Leighton T G, Natural Physical Processes Associated With Sea Surface, University of Southampton, 1997 (ISBN 0854326367).

Leighton T G, Heald G J, Griffiths H and Griffiths G, Acoustical Oceanography, Proceedings of the Institute of Acoustics Vol. 23 Part 2, 2001 (ISBN 1901656349).

Leighton T G, Phelps A D, Ramble D G and Sharpe D A, Comparison of the abilities of eight acoustic techniques to detect and size a single bubble, Ultrasonics, 34, 1996, 661-667

Leighton T G, Ramble D G and Phelps A D, The detection of tethered and rising bubbles using multiple acoustic techniques, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 101(5), 1997, 2626-2635.

Leighton T G, Ramble D G, Phelps A D, Morfey C L and Harris P P, Acoustic detection of gas bubbles in a pipe, Acta Acustica, 84, 1998, 801-814

Leighton T G, Ramble D G and Phelps A D, Comparison of the abilities of multiple acoustic techniques for bubble detection. Proceedings of the Institute of Acoustics, 1995, 17 (8), 149-160

Leighton T G, Phelps A D and Ramble D G, Bubble detection using low amplitude multiple acoustic techniques, Proceedings of the 3rd European Conference on Underwater Acoustics, Heraklion (ed. J. Papadakis), 1996, 1143-1147 (Invited paper).

On propagation techniques

Leighton T G, Meers S D and White P R, A nonlinear time-dependent inversion to obtain bubble populations from acoustic propagation characteristics (Proceedings of the Royal Society, 2004).

Leighton T G, Meers S D, Simpson M D, Clarke J W L, Yim G T, Birkin P R, Watson Y, White P R, Heald G J, Dumbrell H A, Culver R L, and Richards S D, The Hurst Spit experiment: The characterization of bubbles in the surf zone using multiple acoustic techniques, in ‘Acoustical Oceanography’, Proceedings of the Institute of Acoustics Vol. 23 Part 2, 2001, T G Leighton, G J Heald , H Griffiths and G Griffiths, (eds.), Institute of Acoustics, pp. 227-234

Meers S D, Leighton T G, Clarke J W L, Heald G J, Dumbrell H A and White P R, The importance of bubble ring-up and pulse length in estimating the bubble distribution from propagation measurements, in ‘Acoustical Oceanography’, Proceedings of the Institute of Acoustics Vol. 23 Part 2, 2001, T G Leighton, G J Heald , H Griffiths and G Griffiths, (eds.), Institute of Acoustics, pp. 235-241.

For modulation-frequency techniques:

Phelps A D and Leighton T G, High resolution bubble sizing through detection of the subharmonic response with a two frequency excitation technique, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 99, 1996, 1985-1992.

Leighton T G, Phelps A D and Ramble D G, Acoustic bubble sizing: from laboratory to the surf zone trials, Acoustic Bulletin, 21, 1996, 5-12.

Phelps A D, Leighton T G and Ramble D G, Ultrasonic bubble measurements in pipes. Sonic Pulse, 1996, 4(2), 1-5.

Phelps A D and Leighton T G, The subharmonic oscillations and combination-frequency emissions from a resonant bubble: their properties and generation mechanisms, Acta Acustica, 83, 1997, 59-66.

Phelps A D, Ramble D G and Leighton T G, The use of a combination frequency technique to measure the surf zone bubble population, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 101(4), 1997, 1981-1989.

Phelps A D and Leighton T G, Oceanic bubble population measurements using a buoy-deployed combination frequency technique. IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, 23(4), 1998, 400-410.

Ramble D G, Phelps A D and Leighton T G, On the relation between surface waves on a bubble and the subharmonic combination-frequency emission, Acta Acustica, 84(5), 1998, 986-988.

Maksimov A O and Leighton T G, Transient processes near the threshold of acoustically driven bubble shape oscillations, Acta Acustica 87(3), 2001, 322-332

Phelps A D and Leighton T G, Investigations into the use of two frequency excitation to accurately determine bubble sizes, Proceedings of the IUTAM Conference on Bubble Dynamics and Interface Phenomena, Birmingham (Ed. J R Blake et al.) 1994, 475-483.

Phelps A D and Leighton T G, Measurement of bubble populations near the sea surface using combination frequencies: adaptation and calibration of device between two sea trials, Natural Physical Processes Associated With Surface Sound. T G Leighton, ed., (University of Southampton) 1997, 198-210

Hardwick A J, Leighton T G, Walton A J and Field J E, Acoustic bubble sizing through nonlinear combinations involving parametric excitations, Proceedings of the European Conference on Underwater Acoustics (Ed. M Weydert), Elsevier Applied Science, 1992, 153-156.

Phelps A D and Leighton T G, Acoustic bubble sizing using two frequency excitation techniques, Proceedings of the 2nd European Conference on Underwater Acoustics, Copenhagen (Ed. L Bjørnø), 1994, 201 - 206

Leighton T G, Lingard R J, Walton A J and Field J E, Bubble sizing by the nonlinear scattering of two acoustic frequencies” in Natural Physical Sources of Underwater Sound (Ed. B Kerman), Kluwer Academic Publishers Ltd, 1993, 453-466.

Phelps A D and Leighton T G, Automated bubble sizing using two frequency excitation techniques, Sea Surface Sound '94. Proceedings of the 3rd Meeting on Natural Physical Processes related to Sea Surface Sound, M J Buckingham, J R Potter, eds., (World Scientific Publishing Ltd., Singapore) 1995, 332-341.

Phelps A D, Ramble D G and Leighton T G, Characterisation of the oceanic bubble population using a combination frequency technique, Proceedings of the 3rd European Conference on Underwater Acoustics, Heraklion (ed. J. Papadakis), 1996, 1149-1154.

Leighton T G, Phelps A D and Ramble D G, Measurement of the bubble population in coastal waters using combination frequencies of MHz order, Proceedings of the NATO conference on High frequency acoustics in shallow water, Lerici (Pace, NG, Pouliquen E, Bergem O, and Lyons, AP, eds.), 1997, 305-312 (Invited paper).

Phelps A D, Simpson M D and Leighton T G, Applications of two frequency insonification techniques to oceanic bubble sizing. Proceedings of the Joint meeting of the 16th International Congress on Acoustics and the 135th Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America, P K Kuhl, L A Crum, ed., (Acoustical Society of America) 1998, 1421-1422.

Leighton T G, Phelps A D and Simpson M D, Measurements of the oceanic bubble population using propagation characteristics and combination frequency techniques. Proceedings of the 4th European Conference on Underwater Acoustics, Rome (ed. A. Alippi, G B Cannelii), 1998, 89-94 (Invited paper).

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